Tuesday, October 26, 2021

Microsoft Windows Calculator App

 Microsoft Windows Calculator App

The calculator app can be found on the start menu. It is a pre-installed app on the Windows Operating System.


There are two main modes in which the Calculator app can be utilized. One mode is the calculator mode while the other is the converter mode. 

Calculator Mode

The calculator has 4 modes which are the Standard, Scientific, Programmer (or Developer), and Date Calculation modes.

Standard

The Standard mode appears as in the picture below.



And in full screen, it appears as below.


There are five memory functions which include Memory Add (M+), Memory Subtract (M-), Memory Store (MS), Memory Recall (MR) and Clear all Memory (MC). The shortcuts for these are Ctrl+P, Ctrl+Q, Ctrl+M, Ctrl+R, Ctrl+L respectively.

The standard mode has a “keep on top” button which moves the app to the top right side of the screen and keeps it on top of any other items displayed on the screen.




Scientific

The Scientific mode appears as in the picture below and is similar to the scientific calculators.




Programmer

The Programmer mode appears as in the picture below.



Date Calculation

The Date Calculation mode appears as in the picture below.


Converter Mode

The converter mode features the following categories: currency, volume, length, weight & mass, temperature, energy, area, speed, time, power, data, pressure and lastly angle.  All these can be found by clicking on the navigation pane.

 

Currency

When selected, the currency converter starts with the Afghanistan Afghani and ends with the Yemen Rial. There are about 130 countries’ currencies featured here.


Update rates feature to display recent exchange rates



Volume

The volume converter may default to US Gallons to liters conversion when selected.



There are about 20 units of measuring volume featured here including pints, quarts, gallons, cubic inches, cubic feet to mention a few.





In the conversion section, it can be seen that 100 US Gallons is equivalent to 378.5412 liters. At the bottom right of the screen, other equivalents are displayed including 0.5 cubic yards, 0.38 cubic meters, 13.37 cubic feet, 83.27 UK gallons, 333.1 UK quarts, 400 US quarts and 1 bathtub.



In the second example, 100 cubic meters is equivalent to 3,531,467 cubic feet while the other equivalents include 130.8 cubic yards, 21,997 UK gallons, 26,417 US Gallon 87,988 UK quarts and 0.03 swimming pool.



The fascinating part of the volume converter is the bathtub and swimming pools equivalents

3765 m3 = 1 swimming pool.

Note that an Olympic size swimming pool is specified as 50 meters x 25 meters x 2 meters (Length x Width x Depth) as a minimum whereas it is  50 meters x 25 meters x 3 meters (recommended).

Length

Starting with nanometer (nm) and ending at nautical miles, there are 11 units of measure of length. Others include microns (µm), millimeters (mm), centimeters (cm), meters (m), Kilometers (km), inches (in), feet (ft), yards and miles.



As displayed in the example below, 10 in is equivalent to 25.4 cm. And is also equivalent to 0.83 ft, 0.28 , 0.25 m, 254 mm, 254,000 µm, 254,000,000 nm and 1.36 hands



Weight and Mass

The weight and mass may display pounds to kilograms conversion by default. 



The units featured include carats, milligrams, centigrams, decigrams and grams. Others are dekagrams, hectograms, kilograms, metric tons, ounces, pounds, stone, US short tons and UK long tons.



As you may know, 100 pounds (1bs) is equivalent to 45.35924 kilograms (which can be approximated to 45.4 kilograms). Other equivalents include 7.14 stones, 0.05 ton (US), 0.05 ton, 0.04 ton (UK) 453.6 hg, 1,600 ounces (oz.) and 0.01 elephant

Approximately 8,800 pounds = 3,991.6 kg = 1 elephant


Temperature

The temperature units featured here are Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin.

In the example below, 100°Celsius is equivalent to 212°Fahrenheit and 373.1Kelvin.

Note that 0°C = 32°F = 273.1 Kelvin.



Energy

The energy converter, when selected may display the units of Joules (J) and Food Calories by default. Other units featured include electron volts (eV), kilojoules (kJ), Thermal calories, Foot-pounds (ft-lbs) and the British Thermal Units (BTU).




In the example below, 1000 Joules is equivalent to 737.5621 foot-pounds (ft-lbs). It is also equivalent to 1kJ, 0.95 BTU, 0.24 Kcal, 239 cal, 6,241,509,343,260,179,400,000 eV (6.24 x 1021 eV) and 0.11 battery.



Area

The area converter, when selected, may display square feet to square meters conversion. The other units featured are square millimeters (mm2), square centimeters (cm2), square meters (m2), Hectares (ha), square kilometers (km2), square inches (in2), square feet (ft2), square yards, Acres and square miles.


An example conversion shows 100 ft
2 is equivalent to 9.290304 m2 (approximated to 9.3 m2). And this is equivalent to 11.11 (yd2), 14,400 (in2), 92,903 (cm2), 9,290,304 (mm2) and 154 sheets of paper.



Speed

The speed converter displays miles per hour to kilometers per hour conversion. Other units featured are centimeters per second, meters per second, feet per second, knots and Mach.



The Mach is used as a unit of measurement for the speed of an object with respect to the speed of sound. The speed of sound is the distance traveled per unit of time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. In air, sound travels 343 meters in one second.

In the conversion example that follows, 90 miles per hour (mi/hr) is equivalent to 144.828 kilometers per hour (km/hr). it is also equivalent to 0.12 Mach, 40.23 m/s. 78.21 knots, 132 ft/s, 4,023 cm/s and 2 horses.



Time

The Time converter can convert various values of time from one unit to another. 



The units available range from microseconds to years, including milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours, days and weeks.



In the conversion example, 365 days is equivalent to 525,600 minutes. It is also equivalent to 1 year, 52.14 weeks, 8,760 hours, 31,536,000 seconds, 31,536,000,000 milliseconds and 31,536,000,000,000 microseconds.



Power

The Power converter may default to kilowatts to US horsepower units conversion when selected. 



Other units featured are Watts (W), Foot-pounds per minute (ft-lbs/min), and the British Thermal Units per minute (BTU/min).



In the example shown here, 1 Horsepower is equivalent to 745.6999 Watts (approximated to 746 Watts), 0.75 kW, 42.41 BTU/min and 33,000 ft-lbs/min.



Data

The Data conversion category may default to the Gigabytes to Megabytes conversion when selected. 



There are 34 units of data with which one can play around. Starting with bits and bytes, the list includes Kilobits(Kb), Kibibits, Kilobytes (KB), Kibibytes (KiB), Megabits (Mb), Mebibits, Megabytes (MB), Mebibytes (MiB), Gigabits (Gb), Gibibites, Gigabytes (GB), Gibibytes (GiB), Terabits (Tb), Tebibits, Terabytes (TB), Tebibytes (TiB). Others are Petabits (Pb), Pebibits, Petabytes (PB), Pebibytes (PiB), Exabits (Eb), Exbibits, Exabytes (EB), Exbibytes (EiB), Zetabits (Zb), Zebibits, Zetabytes (ZB), Zebibytes (ZiB), Yottabit (Yb), Yobibits, Yottabyte (YB) and Yobibytes ( YiB).





In the conversion example, 1,000,000 kilobytes is equivalent to 0.001 terabytes. This is also equivalent to 1 gigabyte, 0.93 GiB, 7.45, 8, 0.01, 0.01, 953.7, 1,000 MB, and 1.36 Cds.



Name (Symbol)

Value (base 2)

Name (Symbol)

Value (base 10)

Kibibyte (KiB)

210

Kilobyte (KB)

103

Mebibyte (MiB)

220

Megabyte (MB)

106

Gibibyte (GiB)

230

Gigabyte (GB)

109

Tebibyte (MiB)

240

Terabyte (TB)

1012

Pebibyte (PiB)

250

Petabyte (PB)

1015

Exbibyte (EiB)

260

Exabyte (EB)

1018

Zebibytes (ZiB)

270

Zebibyte (ZB)

1021

Yobibytes (YiB)

280

Yottabyte (YB)

1024

 

Pressure

The Pressure conversion feature, when selected, displays the atmosphere to bar conversion.

 The units of measure of pressure featured here include Atmosphere (atm), Bar, kilopascal (kP), millimeters of mercury (mmHg), pascals (P) and pound per square inch (psi).



In the example below, 100 kilopascals is equivalent to 1 bar. It is also equivalent to 0.99 atm, 14.5 psi, 760 mmHg and of course 100,000 pascals. 



Angle

The angle converter category defaults to degrees to radians conversion. The only other unit measured is the gradians.



In the example conversion, 360 degrees is equivalent to 6.283185 radians and 400 gradians.

 


   

 Credits: Windows OS
                 www.ibm.com
                 www.fina.org


 

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